Helminths – this is the scientific name of parasites-worms. What they look like eggs of worms, of interest to many, therefore, that they will become guests in our body. They live in the body of man, animal and plants. Most of these parasites for long have adapted to life on the outdoor fresh air, in the earth and water. Their eggs are in the soil, water and even "soar" in the air.
Some information about helminthiasis
To date, learned more than 300 species of deworming, 70 of them are located on the territory of our country. The world health Organization related helminthiasis to a particularly important infections. The number of infected worms can vary from 20 to 22 million people.
The helminth adopted classified worms 3 classes:
- Flat worms (tapeworm) – a very long, feeds on the blood of the host. The most commonly occurring bullish and pig apni, Echinococcus.
- Roundworms (hookworm) – they have different dimensions, dioecious. The most common are the ascaris and pinworms.
- Fluke – always bisexual biohelminths, on the head have a suction cup, with their help, the worm is connected to the authorities in the host. These include schistosomiasis and others.
The presence of worms is dangerous due to several main reasons:
- parasites are able to cause mechanical damage to the internal organs;
- cause a violation of the metabolism;
- waste products, worming poison the host body;
- the availability of deworming is able to trigger other disease.
Helminths lay eggs, which fall into the human body basically alimentary by (with food or water), or in violation of the rules of hygiene.
The description of the appearance and structure of the most famous worming
| Helminths | Appearance | Building |
| Pinworms | It is a small round worms of white paint, usually their size is not greater than 1, see | On the front part of the body of pinworms is located vesicle. With its help, the helminth is enshrined within the intestine, cause mechanical damage. The other end of the worm pointed out. Hence the name pinworm. |
| Roundworm | Big enough worm, long about 20 cm and a width of 6 mm. Females are much larger male. Becomes a reddish-white color with a bent tail. | The body of a roundworm is covered with a strong cuticle, which also dissolves the gastric juice. In the end of the roundworm are the mouth, around the mouth, the three lips.
Right behind the mouth in the body of a roundworm is located the esophagus and the intestine, consisting of straight tubes. The parasite remains the only swallowing done the food and absorb it. |
| Whipworm | A little worm. The length reaches up to 5 cm and in width, no larger than a human hair, not more 0.5 mm. It has a sharp end, attached to them for the mucous membranes. | Front-end helminth (3-5 cm) refined to the thickness of a hair. The rear end of the thicker front. In it is placed the colon. The female is in the back end of the uterus. |
| Toxocara | In their sizes Toxocara reaches up to 10 cm in length. The males smaller.
|
Toxocara – worm white color. The body of his elongated, resembles a thin cylinder. Mouth has three lips. |
| Trichinella | Refers to the round worms of small size. The length of not more than 5 mm. | Their main feature of the building is a one-sided gastrointestinal tract. |
| Bullish tapeworm (tapeworm) | The worm is of very large size. He has a long body in the form of a tape. How many meters in length reaches a bullish tapeworm?! Is it the giant size of up to 30 meters! | Tapeworm (crown) has 4 strong suction cups without hooks. Crown tapeworm small. On the growing segments, their number is usually from 1 to 2 thousand. Uterus well developed, is filled with transparent eggs. The Mature tapeworm segments are separated, they move with the stool or separately they go out from the intestine. |
| The pig tapeworm
(the tapeworm) |
Its structure is very similar with the bovine tapeworm. But according to the size of it's several times less bullish tapeworm – no more 3-5 m. | The pig tapeworm called the armed tapeworm. She has on her head in addition to the 4 babies, has 32 hooks. Segments of the tapeworm are about 50 thousand eggs. |
| Tapeworm wide | Another long worm, its length may be greater than 10 m. | The body of the worm consists of a small flat head, no more than 5 mm. on both sides there are long flat slit-suckers. Their worm holding on to the intestinal wall. |
| Echinococcus | Belongs to a group of tapeworms, helminth small size. On his head is hooks and suction cups. | Echinococcus consists of 3-4 segments. "Armed with a" parasite suckers and háčkymu. In the segments of the parasite are located sex organs, and in the third – egg. They separate your segments, and you have the ability to independently move. |
| Opisthorchiasis potty | Small worm, about the size of 1 see On the head has the oral sucker. | The worm has a 2 suction cup, which is fixed on a smooth surface. There oral and abdominal suckers. From the oral sucker's throat, and her esophagus and intestines. At the rear end of the parasite, there are the excretory organ. |
Characteristics of the life cycle of worms
Duration of the life period in worms is different. For some it may take a year or two, but for other parasites more than 10-15 years! So between deworming has its centenarians. For example, pinworms live pretty long, not more than 6 months. Fertility is relatively high. Due to the fact that the eggs of pinworms are very light, they can be even in the air we breathe.
The eggs of roundworm and whipworm penetrate into the body through food
Roundworm and whipworm live more than 2 years. The first stay of up to 2 years, and the last 3-4 years. But it's not those horrible numbers!
And here the champion of the worms, which cause huge damage to the human body is a pig tapeworm. Its service life reaches up to 20-30 years!
The experts gave various attempts and experiments on worms, came to the conclusion that the temperature of the environment affects the behavior of the helminth. When increasing the temperature of the body of the patient Ascaris spontaneously leaves the body. So at a temperature of 40°C, the activity of the roundworm multiplied several times.
A decrease in temperature in the environment forces the helminth to take action – the discharge from the body.
One of the methods of disinfection is thermal processing. For example, in the fish killed the parasite, it is enough to cook for 30 minutes. Frost in different temperature regimes will accelerate the process of processing. At a temperature of -15°C the period of freezing – 30 days. At -35°C – just 10 hours.
How much do you need degrees to the decontamination of products? Eggs of Ascaris are killed at a temperature of +55°. The processing of the toys in the water at a temperature of +70°C takes a few seconds.
Swapping the eggs of the worms
Most parasites lay eggs, but among them is viviparous helminths. Those are Trichinella.
What they look like eggs worming can be detected only with a microscope. What kind of deworming "settled" in a person, it is possible to determine after consideration of their eggs. And larva you can judge with the naked eye.
Female helminth remains in the body up to the moment of fertilization and the time of bearing seed
How many eggs can postpone female helminth – leads in a horror movie. Toxocara is able to per day to postpone the 250 thousand eggs. By the way, the larvae and eggs of worms much more tenacious than adults. The females of some worming killed after put the eggs, as happens in roundworms.
The parasites of each class is, in a way they live, they reproduce and lay eggs. For example, in biohelminth ripen eggs and larvae in the body of the host (cow, cat, dog). For example, biohelminth, the pig tapeworm. If into the body, the larva then grows a tapeworm in the department of the small intestine. In the case of infestation of eggs of the tapeworm situation worse. They migrate throughout the body, and settle can in each institution. In the geohelminths eggs and larvae must mature outside the host, in the soil. The eggs of roundworm develop into larvae in the small intestine. And in good terms with the blood flow of the egg (larvae) Ascaris migrate to all organs.
| Helminths | Description of the eggs | The number of masonry | Maturation time |
| Pinworms | The eggs of pinworms oval non-symmetrical shapes. The shell is smooth, consists of several layers, colorless. In fertilized eggs, no larva. | All of a sudden pinworms matures more than 10-15 thousand eggs. | After delaying the eggs of the female, larva in them matures after 6-8 hours. |
| Roundworm | Egg that is not fertilized, has an oval elongated shape. The outer shell is dense, with small tumors. Offal, eggs filled with yellowish cells. | Daily publishes more than 250 thousand eggs. | Through 2-3 weeks, the fertilized eggs are invasive. |
| Whipworm | The eggs of this parasite has the shape of a barrel, the span of his layered and transparent. The entrails, the egg has smaller grains. | 3500 of immature eggs per day | Need 2 weeks for the maturation of the larvae. |
| Toxocara | Eggs with a thick finely ridged shell. | 200 thousand eggs per day. | After a few days the Mature larvae in the eggs. They become invasive. |
| Trichinella | The size of the larvae 0.1 mm. | For 2 months, the female gives birth to more than 2,000 larvae. | The female Trichinae give birth to live larvae. |
| Bullish tapeworm (tapeworm) | Eggs in the shape resembles the oval bubble in grey color, has two small intestine. | The cyst contains about 200 thousand eggs. If in the body of the cyst is not one, then the number of eggs is enormous. | The finns in the muscles to keep my life in over 3 years. |
| Tapeworm wide | The eggs are oval, covered with a smooth shell of a yellow color. From the top of the egg cover the bottom of the bump. | A day a person with feces selects a few million eggs. | After 2-3 days in the eggs form larva. |
Dwelling worming out of a man
Helminths can live not only in the human body and organisms pets, but also outside the host. For example, giardia settle the cats in the top departments of intestines, but it is also possible to detect in the river fish (bream, ide).
The eggs of parasites pinworms are so light that they are able to stay in the air. Infested worms may be even water. She gets infected from the affected soil. From the water infects living in the fish tank.
On the plants helminths also fit. On them are parasitic only hookworm. They hit the roots and tubers of plants, as well as the stems and leaves. Assault happens alimentary by the host – swallows the eggs of the worms with food. If the products rinse with boiling water, then eggs and larvae are killed.
The life cycle of the helminth on the example of the pinworms
In the human body the pinworm lives in the several departments of the intestines: the section of the small intestine, the cecum, and the upper departments of the colon.
Invasion for man is the egg with the striker. Infected boss the fecal-oral route. The Larva releases from the shell from the eggs in the small intestine and migrates to the site of localization. Furthermore, it is the process, called molting, after which the larva becomes a Mature individual.
Helminths — multi-celled parasites
After mating, the males die, they are excreted from the body with feces. Meanwhile, the female using the pouches attaches on the mucosa of the intestine, they Mature eggs. They are very prolific in their womb matures more than 10-15 thousand eggs. During the maturation of the eggs, the female moves to the anal opening. The female exceeds the bowel at night, when the muscles of the anus relaxed. She's crawling on the skin folds of the external genitalia. The muscles of the vagina, the female is released and begins the selection of eggs. On the skin surface of the body of the host most favorable conditions: temperature, moisture, oxygen. How much maturation of the egg?
Later 6-8 hours inside the eggs, outside of man, arise the larvae, which become invasive.
Further, the female die, dry up, forming a dumpling. Of his movements on the folds arises itching. The chief ridges in this area. On the hands and under the nails have emerged parasite eggs. Further, it is possible in several ways:
- Sick, do not follow the rules of personal hygiene, get sick again. Accepts breakfast unwashed hands.
- The patient infected hands touching the items of daily necessities, toys, door handles and so forth, infecting the members of his family.
Remember that in the hosts of no helminth is not able to multiply and develop. The egg or the larva must necessarily commit cycle: the host country/air-host.